篇1：初中英语语法精讲：掌握\"There be\"句型
There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”，其形式为“Therebe+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。
这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如：
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk，是单数，故be的形式要用is)当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.
桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
(1)如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup？
杯中有多少水？
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears？(Yes，there is./No，there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday，was there？(反意疑问句)
除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。例如：
There are several children swimming in the river.
河里有几个孩子在游泳。
There be 结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况：
通过上表可知：各种时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化来体现的。There be句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如，要说“明天有一个班会。”
(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)
(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)
有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。
例如：
Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)
There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(“地图”存在于三班)
由此看来，There will have是错误的。
复习There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外，还应注意以下问题：
1.如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any，som e，few，a few，m any或用数词 +hundred/thousand/million，hundreds/ thousands/millions of，no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any，some，no，little，a little，much等词的修饰。例如：
(1)There were _____ students in our school.
A.hundreds B.eight hundred C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____ water.You needn't get some more.
A.few B.little C.much
解析：(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B，(2)由water可知排除A项，再由后一句意思便知选C。
2.注意不定代词的用法。
(1)不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如：There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
3.There be句型的反意疑问句，要注意陈述部分的形式。
如果陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如：There is nobody in the room，is there？
但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如：There is something unusual in the room，isn't there？
There be句型命题趋向有两个方面：一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。
例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型，即“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。
被动语态：
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Be有人称，数量和时态变化。
一般现在时：be (is am are) +及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时：be (was were)+ 及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的过去分词：情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词
篇2：初中英语语法精讲：掌握\"There be\"句型
No.1
there be 句型基本认识
1.定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2.结构：
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语
注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：
① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
No.2
there be 句型的常考点
考点一：各种句型转化
1.变成否定
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
2.变成一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
3.特殊疑问句
对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
考点二：there be 句型的时态
be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。
考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there?
考点四：there be 句型的主谓一致：
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。
考点五：there be 句型用的其他动词：
there be 句型中有时不用动词be，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be等。如：
There ____ a knife and a fork on the table. (黄冈)
A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are
剖析：根据就近原则，首先排除B、D，而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be等，所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时，故C也不正确。
注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：
He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
No.3
专项训练
I.将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。
1.There is some water in the bottle.
2.There are many apples in the box.
II. 对句子划线部分提问。
3.There are seven days in a week.
4.There are lots of books in our library.
5.There is a knife over there.
6.There is a little milk in the glass.
Ⅲ. 汉译英。
7.房子前面有一辆小汽车。
8.今晚不开会。
9.我能为你做点什么吗？
10.山脚下有一棵大树。
11.你们班有多少学生？
12.桌子上放着什么？
13.你丢的那个钱包里有多少钱？
【参考答案】
1.There is not any water in the bottle.
Is there any water in the bottle?
2.There are not many apples in the box.
Are there many apples in the box?
3.How many days are there in a week.?
4.How many books are there in your library?
5.What’s (there) over there.
6.How much milk is there in the glass?
Ⅲ.7.There is a car in front of the house.
8.There is not going to be a meeting tonight.
9.Is there anything I can do for you ?
10.There stands a tall tree at the foot of the mountain .
11.How many students are there in your class?
12. What’s on the table ?
13.How much money is there in the purse you have lost ?
篇3：初中英语语法精讲：掌握\"There be\"句型
as句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……；正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country， we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ；
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us， knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late， we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is， he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
prefer句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay？
你愿意我留下来吗？
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
宁愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
喜欢做...不喜欢做....
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
when句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
seem句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn t come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
表示“相差…；增加了…”句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is>我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10，000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10，000元。
what句型
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的；冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can t be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。
(2)>
例：I shall be>我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can t … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
where句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
wish句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例：I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
would rather句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例：Who would you rather went with you？
你宁愿谁和你一起去？
before句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street？
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗？
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow？
明天你究竟怎样去看望她？
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
表示过去未实现的希望和计划句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。