
篇1:考研英语核心词汇精析
concentrate, focus
这两个动词都有"集中"的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。
during exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。
focus v.集中(于某事物);将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,宾语一般不是具体的东西)。
please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。
confinement, limitation, restraint
这一组名词都有"限制,局限"的意思。
confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
the prisoner was sentenced to three months\' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。
that employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。
restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。
even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn\'t yell at her child.即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate
这是一对形近易混的形容词。
considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
that family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。
considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。
he is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
conserve, preserve, reserve
这是一组形近易混词,且都有"保存"的意思。
conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。
in winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。
the government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。
we are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
continual, continuous, constant, incessant
这一组形容词都有"不断的,不停的"的意思。
continual a.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
that dog\'s barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。
continuous a.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant a.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
incessant a.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。
incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
convert, invert, revert, transform
这一组动词都有"转变"的意思。
convert v.转变,变换,含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
he wants to convert to catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
the baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
john gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to john.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
a little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
credible, credulous, plausible
这一组形容词都有"可信的"意思。
credible a.可信的,可靠的。
that the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。
she was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。
even though it is a plausible explanation, i am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
decline, refuse, reject, deny
这组动词都有"拒绝"的意思。
decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
i invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。
refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示"拒绝",含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
he asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。
deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。
the defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
deduce, induce, reduce
这是一组形近易混词。
deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。
my friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so i deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。
induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。
we couldn\'t induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。
reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。
he reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。
delay, postpone
这两个词都有"延迟"之意。
delay v.延期,延缓,耽搁,常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。
her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。
postpone v.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。
our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。
demonstrate, illustrate
这两个词都有"说明"的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。
this salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。
illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。
the teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about george washington.那个老师通过乔治·华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。
disappear, vanish, fade
这一组词都有"消失"的意思。
disappear v.消失,不见;灭绝,不复存在。是个一般用语。
the little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里,然后就不见了。
vanish v.消失,不见,指突然间化为乌有,强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。
the man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。
fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色,声音的逐渐消失。
the wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
decline, decrease, diminish, reduce
这一组动词都有"减少"的意思。
decline v. (数量、数字、价格、比率)下降,下落。
last year, the crime rate in chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
decrease v.减少,减小,强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。
diminish v. (力量、势力)减弱,减少,强调由于某种原因而减少,这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。
the need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物动词,指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。
he reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。
篇2:考研英语核心词汇精析
deviate, distract, divert
这三个词都有"转移"的意思。
deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。
he deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。
distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。
noise distracts him, so he can\'t study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。
divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。
a loud noise diverted everyone\'s attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。
dip, immerse, submerge
这几个词都有"浸,浸入"的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中,有小心翼翼的意思。
the artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。
immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。
students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。
submerge v.浸没,淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。
the girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。
divide, separate
这两个动词都有"分开"的意思。
divide v.分开,划分,指把整体分成若干部分,也表示"疏远"的意思,常用结构为"divide…from"。
the huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。
separate v.作及物动词时,意思是"分隔",指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常用结构为"separate…from";作不及物动词时,表示"分散,分别"。
duty, obligation, responsibility
duty n.指道义上的责任,强调自觉性,作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。
his duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。
obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的"责任,义务",强调其约束力。
parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。
responsibility n.职责,强调对后果要负责任的意思。
his father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了,他有责任照顾他。
eject, inject, project
这是一组形近易混词。
eject v.跳出,喷出,弹射出。
the pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。
inject v.注射。
the nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。
project v.伸出,突出;预计,预报;投射,放映。
the balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。
the government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。
eligible, illegible
eligible a.享有权利的,具备资格的。
he graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业,所以他有资格就读于州立大学。
illegible a.很难看懂的,难以辨认的。
the writing is illegible; i cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚,我看不清上面写的是什么。
eminent, imminent
这是一组形近易混词。
eminent a.著名的,卓越的,接触的。
he is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。
imminent a.即将发生的,迫在眉睫的,临近的。
the wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近,所以我们必须发放请柬了。
emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment
这一组名词都有"感情"的意思。
emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。
he felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。
feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉,它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。
passion n.激情,热情,欲望,极度的仇恨,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。
he spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。
sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉,知觉。
when she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。
sentiment n.思想感情,情绪,感情色彩,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用,有时候也带有理智成分。
when our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们深深地怀念她的一生。
篇3:考研英语核心词汇精析
acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure
这一组动词都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研和cet-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。
acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。
it is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。
attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。
the salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。
obtain v.获得,买到,用于正式语体中。
he obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。
gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。
an investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而
得利润。
earn v.挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
how much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱?
achieve v.得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
the movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。
secure v.得到;把……拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;作形容词比较常见,意为"安全的"。
a million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。
he secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。
acute, critical, crucial, urgent
这一组形容词都有"严重的,重要的"意思。
acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。
an acute lack of food brought hunger to the iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a.意为"关键的",表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。
与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指"批判性的,分析
性的"。
it is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,则你会不及格的。
crucial a.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。
improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
urgent a.意为"紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的",它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调"紧急的"状态。
we have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。
adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary
这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。
adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。
i adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有"控制"之意。
lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。
rectify v.纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
he rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。
the politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。
convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。
britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于改用十进制货币体系。
he\'s converted to catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。
alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
the tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
modify v.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
he was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。
transform v.指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
admit, confess, concede
这几个动词都有"承认"的意思。
admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。
i admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。
confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有"坦白、招认"的意思。
he confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指"以退为进"的承认。
the man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
affiliate, link, attach, append
这一组动词都有"附加"的意思。
affiliate v.加入,成为……一部分。
an affiliated middle school一所附属中学
link v.将人或物连接起来。
the crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。
attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。
i attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。
append v.增加,附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。
the lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。
affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim
这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。
affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。
he affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。
assert v.指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。
she asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。
allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。
the suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
claim v.要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。
they claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
announce v.宣布,宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有预告的意味。
the invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。
proclaim v.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。
the president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
篇4:考研英语核心词汇精析
revolve, evolve, involve
revolve v.旋转,转动。
the room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转,然后他就昏倒了。
evolve v.发展,演变。
agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来,农业发展得很缓慢。
involve v.需要,包含;使卷入,牵涉。
getting a driver\'s licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车,学习交通规则,还要经过考试。
sanction, sanitation
sanction n.认可,准许,批准。
i need my parents\' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。
sanitation n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备。
strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。
scenery, scene, view, landscape
这一组名词都有"景色"的意思。
scenery n.风景,景色,舞台布景,强调从美的角度看,某个国家或地区的总体外貌。
each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假,并欣赏那里的风景。
scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象,也可以指人物的活动场面;(犯罪的)地点,现场。
they stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里,注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。
view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景;观点,看法。
our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。
landscape n. (自然的)风景,景色;风景画。
the landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。
sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational
这是一组形近易混词。
sensible a.有知觉的,可感知的;明智的。
the patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。
sensitive a.敏感的,灵敏的。
this film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。
sentimental a.多愁善感的,感伤的。
the novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合,真是感伤啊!
sensational a.耸人听闻的,令人激动的。
i read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事:十岁女孩做妈妈。
technological, technical
这是一组形近易混词。
technological a.技术上的。
a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破
technical a.技术的,工艺(学)的;专门的,深奥的。the banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。
transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer
这是一组在考研和cet-6中经常出现的形近易混词。
transaction n.交易行为,处理。
transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。
transition n. (从一种情况到另一种的)过渡,更替。
the transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说,从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。
transmission n.传播(比如疾病);广播。
the transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。
transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变,改观,转变。
his character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他结婚之后性格判若两人。
transfer n.转移,转让;(工作的)调动;(旅途中的)换乘,改变路线。
the club\'s goalkeeper isn\'t happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快,已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。